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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat

Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat

Published on: October 29, 2014

Neonatal piglet diarrhoea associated with enteroadherent Enterococcus hirae.

J Larsson¹, R Lindberg², A Aspán³

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.

Journal of Comparative Pathology

|June 12, 2014

Summary

Neonatal porcine diarrhoea is linked to Enterococcus hirae colonization in the small intestine. This bacterial overgrowth causes mild intestinal lesions and villus atrophy in affected piglets.

Keywords:

Enterococcus hirae diarrhoea mucosal pathology pig

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Microbiology
Animal Pathology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Neonatal porcine diarrhoea presents an escalating challenge in swine production.
The specific etiology of this diarrhoea remains frequently undetermined.
Enterococci have been anecdotally observed in affected piglets.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of enteroadherent cocci in neonatal porcine diarrhoea.
To characterize the identified bacteria and associated intestinal lesions.
To determine the prevalence and species of enterococci in diarrhoeic piglets.

Main Methods:

Necropsy and histopathological examination of intestinal tissues from diarrhoeic and control piglets.
Immunohistochemistry for active caspase-3 to assess apoptosis.
Bacterial characterization using Gram staining, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Species identification via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and species-specific PCR.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Main Results:

Small intestinal colonization by gram-positive cocci was exclusively observed in diarrhoeic piglets.
Histopathology revealed villus atrophy and mild epithelial lesions, including increased enterocyte apoptosis.
16S rRNA gene analysis and FISH identified the bacteria as Enterococcus spp., specifically Enterococcus hirae.
Enterococcus hirae was identified in significantly higher proportions in diarrhoeic pigs compared to controls.
One E. hirae isolate showed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Conclusions:

Neonatal porcine diarrhoea is associated with small intestinal colonization by Enterococcus hirae.
E. hirae colonization is linked to observable mucosal lesions and enterocyte apoptosis.
Further research into E. hirae pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance in swine is warranted.