Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Circadian Entrainment of Drosophila Melanogaster
Published on: June 3, 2020
The potential for the Farman entrainer to be used with a pediatric t-piece: a bench study
Graham T Bell1, Angela Baker, Patrick Jamieson
1Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK.
Objectives:
To determine the limits of performance of the Farman Entrainer used with the t-piece for pediatric anesthesia in areas with limited oxygen supplies.
Methods:
Bench tests were conducted with different system configurations, normal and 'emergency situation' ventilation patterns were replicated to reproduce a range of circumstances the anesthetist may encounter.
Results:
We found that Fi0(2) rises and flow decreases with increasing CPAP, but probably within safe limits. A one way valve is essential to avoid high concentration of volatile agent. Very high ventilation rates reduce flow significantly. Increasing oxygen input from an oxygen concentrator increases the flow output but does not increase Fi0(2).
Conclusion:
The basic characteristics of the system are within normally accepted parameters for t-piece anesthesia, safety in practice requires to be demonstrated by a clinical study.
Related Concept Videos
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
Air-entraining Agents
Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
Effects of Air-entrainment in Concrete
Potential Energy
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
Standard Electrode Potentials

