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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

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Brain differences between persistent and remitted attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Aaron T Mattfeld1, John D E Gabrieli2, Joseph Biederman3

  • 11 McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA2 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA amattfel@mit.edu.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|June 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persistence into adulthood is linked to altered brain connectivity within the default-mode network. Remitted ADHD shows different brain changes, highlighting distinct neurobiological pathways.

Keywords:
ADHDdefault-mode networkfMRIlongitudinalposterior cingulate cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Previous research has not differentiated the neurobiology of persistent versus remitted ADHD into adulthood.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurobiological differences between persistent and remitted ADHD.
  • To characterize the intrinsic functional brain organization in these groups using resting-state fMRI.
  • To identify distinct neural markers for ADHD persistence and remittance.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study design with assessments in childhood and adulthood (16-year follow-up).
  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used.
  • Analysis of intrinsic functional brain organization in persistent ADHD, remitted ADHD, and control groups.

Main Results:

  • Reduced positive functional correlation in the default-mode network (posterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortices) was observed only in persistent ADHD.
  • Reduced negative functional correlation between medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices was found in both persistent and remitted ADHD groups.
  • These findings suggest distinct neurobiological profiles for ADHD persistence and remittance.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals neurobiological dissociations between persistent and remitted ADHD.
  • Findings may inform the relationship between clinical diagnosis and persistent executive dysfunctions.
  • This research provides a framework for understanding ADHD heterogeneity.