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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

392
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

857
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
857
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

366
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
366
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

378
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
378
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

399
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
399
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

352
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
352

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Dermatologic therapy in geriatric patients.

Dorothea Kratzsch1, Regina Treudler

  • 1Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig A.ö.R., Germany.

Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG
|June 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As populations age, older adults face increased risks from multiple medications (polypharmacy) and adverse drug reactions. Understanding age-related changes in drug processing is crucial for safe geriatric dermatotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Societal demographic shifts are increasing the elderly population.
  • Age-associated multimorbidity frequently leads to polypharmacy and heightened risks of adverse drug reactions.
  • Physiological changes in aging impact drug efficacy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations in the elderly.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering these changes in geriatric dermatotherapy.
  • To minimize drug-related complications in older patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of age-related physiological changes affecting drug disposition.
  • Analysis of altered pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion).
  • Consideration of pharmacodynamic shifts and increased susceptibility to adverse effects.

Main Results:

  • Decreased total body water and altered body composition (muscle to fat ratio).
  • Reduced renal function and changes in gastrointestinal transit.
  • Altered plasma protein binding, hepatic metabolism, and increased risk of cognitive decompensation.

Conclusions:

  • Geriatric dermatotherapy requires careful consideration of age-specific physiological alterations.
  • Adjusting drug dosages and regimens is essential to prevent over- or underdosage.
  • Awareness of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes can mitigate drug interactions and adverse events in the elderly.