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From 'third pole' to north pole: a Himalayan origin for the arctic fox
Xiaoming Wang1, Zhijie Jack Tseng2, Qiang Li3
1Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210046, People's Republic of China Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA xwang@nhm.org.
Fossil evidence reveals an ancient fox species, Vulpes qiuzhudingi, from the Tibetan Plateau, closely resembling modern arctic foxes. This discovery supports the
Area of Science:
- Paleontology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Mammalogy
Background:
- The Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau, known as the 'third pole,' shares environmental similarities with Arctic and Antarctic regions.
- Mammals in cold environments exhibit adaptations like thick fur and specialized diets.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish the evolutionary link between ancient Tibetan fauna and modern Arctic mammals.
- To investigate the origins of cold-environment adaptations predating the Ice Age.
Main Methods:
- Description of a new fossil fox species, Vulpes qiuzhudingi, from the Early Pliocene of the Tibetan Plateau.
- Comparative analysis of dentition between Vulpes qiuzhudingi and Vulpes lagopus (arctic fox).
Main Results:
- Discovery of Vulpes qiuzhudingi, a new species with hypercarnivorous dentition similar to the modern arctic fox.
- The fossil predates known arctic fox records by 3-4 million years, suggesting an earlier evolutionary history.
- Identified a significant geographical separation (over 2000 km) between the fossil and modern arctic fox ranges.
Conclusions:
- The findings support the 'Out-of-Tibet' hypothesis, proposing the Tibetan Plateau as an early training ground for cold-environment adaptations.
- This suggests that adaptations for cold climates evolved in high-altitude environments long before the onset of the Ice Age.
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