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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Isolating LacZ-expressing Cells from Mouse Inner Ear Tissues using Flow Cytometry
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Wnt-responsive Lgr5⁺ globose basal cells function as multipotent olfactory epithelium progenitor cells.

Mengfei Chen1, Shenghe Tian2, Xiaoling Yang3

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|June 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory neurogenesis relies on Lgr5+ globose basal cells (GBCs), identified as neural stem cells. Wnt signaling regulates GBC proliferation, neuroregeneration, and sensory neuron maturation in the olfactory epithelium.

Keywords:
Lgr5Wntglobose basal cellsneural stem cellsolfactory epitheliumregeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The olfactory epithelium exhibits persistent neurogenesis, offering a model for neural stem cell research.
  • Globose basal cells (GBCs) are the presumed progenitors of olfactory neurons, but specific markers are lacking.
  • Understanding GBC function is crucial for olfactory system regeneration and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific markers for olfactory neuroepithelium stem cells.
  • To investigate the role of identified stem cells in neurogenesis and regeneration.
  • To elucidate the involvement of Wnt signaling in olfactory neurogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry for Lgr5 expression in olfactory epithelium.
  • Cell proliferation assays (Ki67, EdU incorporation).
  • Lineage tracing studies.
  • In vivo modulation of Wnt signaling.

Main Results:

  • Lgr5 is exclusively expressed in GBCs of neonatal and adult mice.
  • Lgr5+ GBCs exhibit stem cell characteristics and regenerate diverse cell types.
  • Wnt signaling modulates Lgr5+ cell proliferation, neuroregeneration, and sensory neuron maturation.

Conclusions:

  • Lgr5 marks olfactory neuroepithelium stem cells (GBCs).
  • Lgr5+ GBCs are crucial for olfactory neurogenesis and regeneration.
  • Wnt signaling plays a critical role in regulating olfactory stem cell dynamics and neuronal development.