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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Intervertebral disc characterization by shear wave elastography: An in vitro preliminary study.

Claudio Vergari1, Philippe Rouch2, Guillaume Dubois2

  • 1Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM, Paris, France c.vergari@gmail.com.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine
|June 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasound elastography shows promise for assessing intervertebral disc mechanical properties. This non-invasive technique, measuring shear wave speed, demonstrated good repeatability and correlation with disc stiffness in vitro.

Keywords:
Spineelastic modulusintervertebral discquantitative ultrasoundsoft tissuestiffness

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Spine Research

Background:

  • Patient-specific spine simulations require accurate soft tissue mechanical properties, which are challenging to obtain non-invasively.
  • Ultrasound elastography measures tissue elasticity via shear wave speed, offering a potential solution for characterizing soft tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound elastography for measuring intervertebral disc mechanical properties.
  • To assess the repeatability of elastographic measurements in intervertebral discs.
  • To correlate shear wave speed with established mechanical parameters of the intervertebral disc.

Main Methods:

  • An in vitro study using 11 oxtail intervertebral discs subjected to compression (at rest and 400 N).
  • Mechanical properties (stiffness, apparent elastic modulus) were determined through compression testing.
  • Ultrasound elastography was performed concurrently to measure shear wave speed, with the protocol repeated six times for repeatability assessment.

Main Results:

  • Average shear wave speed was 5.3 ± 1.0 m/s, with measurement repeatability of 7% at rest and 4.6% at 400 N.
  • Mechanical properties increased significantly under compression: stiffness from 266.3 ± 70.5 N/mm to 781.0 ± 153.8 N/mm, and elastic modulus from 5.4 ± 1.1 MPa to 13.2 ± 2.4 MPa.
  • Significant correlations were observed between shear wave speed and the measured mechanical properties of the intervertebral discs.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasound elastography is a feasible technique for evaluating intervertebral disc mechanical properties in vitro.
  • The method demonstrated good repeatability, supporting its potential for clinical applications.
  • These promising results warrant further investigation for in vivo applications in spine research and clinical practice.