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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
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International Nursing Organization (ICN) is a global union of national nurses' organizations. Individual nurses can be a part of ICN through member organizations. Each member organization strives to ensure quality nursing care, sound health policies, the advancement of nursing knowledge, respect for the profession, and a satisfied and competent nursing workforce.
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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International consensus on (ICON) anaphylaxis.

F Estelle R Simons1, Ledit Rf Ardusso2, M Beatrice Bilò3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics & Child Health and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room FE125, 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3A 1R9.

The World Allergy Organization Journal
|June 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ICON: Anaphylaxis aligns major guidelines on diagnosing and treating this severe allergic reaction, emphasizing epinephrine as the first-line treatment. It also highlights global needs and future research for better anaphylaxis management.

Keywords:
Acute systemic allergic reactionAnaphylaxisDrug allergyEpinephrine (adrenaline)Exercise-induced anaphylaxisFood allergyGlucocorticoidsH1-antihistaminesH2-antihistaminesIdiopathic anaphylaxisVenom allergy

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction requiring prompt recognition and management.
  • Major allergy/immunology organizations developed evidence-based guidelines for anaphylaxis between 2010-2014.
  • Discrepancies in global availability of essential anaphylaxis treatments persist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate and compare principal evidence-based anaphylaxis guidelines.
  • To identify unmet needs and propose a global research agenda for anaphylaxis.
  • To provide a comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals and the public.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of anaphylaxis guidelines from four major allergy/immunology organizations (2010-2014).
  • Identification of consensus points on clinical diagnosis and initial management.
  • Review of global resource availability and research gaps.

Main Results:

  • Guidelines show strong agreement on anaphylaxis clinical features and initial treatment with epinephrine.
  • Consensus exists that H1-antihistamines, H2-antihistamines, and glucocorticoids are not primary treatments.
  • Significant global disparities in access to essential anaphylaxis management tools, including epinephrine auto-injectors, were identified.

Conclusions:

  • ICON: Anaphylaxis confirms alignment in major anaphylaxis guidelines, reinforcing standard care protocols.
  • There is a critical need for improved global access to anaphylaxis management resources.
  • A comprehensive international research agenda is proposed to address knowledge gaps and improve patient outcomes.