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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

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All-fiber fused directional coupler for highly efficient spatial mode conversion.

Rand Ismaeel, Timothy Lee, Bernard Oduro

|June 13, 2014

Summary

We developed a novel all-fiber coupler that efficiently excites specific higher-order modes in optical fibers. This mode-selective coupler offers high purity and broadband operation around 1550 nm.

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Area of Science:

Optical Engineering
Photonics
Fiber Optics

Background:

Exciting specific higher-order modes (HOMs) in optical fibers is crucial for advanced applications like optical communications and sensing.
Existing methods for HOM excitation often lack efficiency, purity, or broadband tunability.

Purpose of the Study:

To model and demonstrate a simple, highly efficient, and pure mode-selective all-fiber coupler.
To achieve excitation of specific HOMs (LP(11), LP(21), LP(02)) in two- and few-mode fibers.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an asymmetric fused fiber coupler using dissimilar fibers (multimode fiber weakly fused with a single-mode telecom fiber - SMF-28).
Utilizing inter-modal phase-matching of propagation constants within the coupler.
Monitoring supermode beating during tapering to achieve optimal mode selection.

Main Results:

Achieved high coupling efficiencies exceeding 90% for targeted HOMs over a 100 nm spectral range.
Demonstrated low insertion losses as low as 0.5 dB.
Showcased broadband operation around 1550 nm.

Conclusions:

The demonstrated asymmetric fused fiber coupler is a simple and effective device for selective excitation of higher-order modes.
The technique offers high efficiency, purity, and broadband performance, suitable for various photonic applications.
Further enhancement of coupling efficiency is possible through controlled tapering at high temperatures.