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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

23.3K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

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Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
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Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method
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Optically controllable THz chiral metamaterials.

G Kenanakis, R Zhao, N Katsarakis

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    |June 13, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers demonstrate switchable chiral metamaterial response in the terahertz (THz) regime. This tunable THz metamaterial utilizes photoconducting silicon for active polarization components like tunable polarizers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Metamaterials
    • Terahertz (THz) Science
    • Optoelectronics

    Background:

    • Chiral metamaterials offer unique light-matter interactions.
    • Tunable optical properties are crucial for advanced photonic devices.
    • Terahertz (THz) technology requires novel polarization control components.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To numerically demonstrate switchable and tunable chiral metamaterial response in the THz regime.
    • To explore the potential of photoconducting materials for active metamaterial control.
    • To design novel THz polarization components.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulation of bi-layer uniaxial chiral metamaterial structures.
    • Integration of photoconducting silicon (Si) into metallic components.
    • Photoexcitation of silicon to switch between insulating and conducting states.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated frequency regions with giant tunable circular dichroism.
    • Observed regions with giant tunable optical activity.
    • Structures show switchable and tunable chiral metamaterial behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed designs enable active THz polarization components.
    • Potential applications include tunable polarizers and polarization filters.
    • Photoconducting metamaterials offer a pathway for active THz devices.