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Fizeau interferometric cophasing of segmented mirrors: experimental validation.

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    The Fizeau Interferometric Cophasing of Segmented Mirrors (FICSM) algorithm successfully phased a segmented mirror array, achieving a 94% Strehl ratio. This novel method requires no specialized hardware and can be implemented on the James Webb Space Telescope.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical astronomy
    • Optical engineering
    • Interferometry

    Background:

    • Segmented mirrors are crucial for large telescopes but require precise alignment (phasing).
    • Existing phasing methods often rely on dedicated wavefront sensing hardware.
    • The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) utilizes an 18-segment primary mirror.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the Fizeau Interferometric Cophasing of Segmented Mirrors (FICSM) algorithm on an optical testbed.
    • To show FICSM's capability for both coarse and fine phasing without specialized hardware.
    • To validate FICSM's applicability to JWST's segmented mirror geometry.

    Main Methods:

    • An optical testbed with a segmented mirror array was used.
    • Random aberrations exceeding 5 wavelengths were introduced.
    • The FICSM algorithm was applied using science imaging detectors and standard filters.
    • Image quality was assessed by comparing experimental data with simulated encircled energy metrics.

    Main Results:

    • The initial unphased point spread function had a Strehl ratio of 9%.
    • After FICSM cophasing, the estimated Strehl ratio reached 94%.
    • The final image quality was limited by segment actuation accuracy (25 nm RMS wavefront error).
    • This marks the first hardware demonstration of phasing an 18-segment pupil with JWST geometry using a single algorithm.

    Conclusions:

    • FICSM provides an effective, hardware-independent method for cophasing segmented mirrors.
    • The algorithm can be implemented on JWST using existing science cameras as a fallback strategy.
    • FICSM offers a robust solution for segmented mirror phasing, adaptable to various telescope designs.