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Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
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Current pharmacological interventions in panic disorder.

Rafael C Freire, Sergio Machado, Oscar Arias-Carrión

  • 1Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Address: Rua Visconde de Piraja 407/702, Rio de Janeiro, Zip code: 22410-003, RJ, Brazil. rafaelcrfreire@gmail.com.

CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets
|June 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review summarizes recent evidence on panic disorder (PD) treatments. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and other agents show effectiveness in managing panic disorder symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Neuroscience

Background:

  • Panic disorder (PD) is a debilitating condition characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.
  • Effective pharmacological treatments are crucial for managing PD symptoms and improving quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize recent evidence on the pharmacological treatment of panic disorder since 2000.
  • To identify effective medications and augmentation strategies for PD management.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies published since 2000.
  • Analysis of evidence for various pharmacological agents, including antidepressants, anxiolytics, and novel compounds.
  • Evaluation of augmentation strategies and adjunctive therapies.

Main Results:

  • Strong evidence supports the efficacy of paroxetine, venlafaxine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, citalopram, fluoxetine, clonazepam, and escitalopram for PD.
  • Inositol, duloxetine, mirtazapine, milnacipran, and nefazodone show antipanic properties.
  • SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, MAOIs, benzodiazepines, and atypical antipsychotics are potential treatment options.
  • Augmentation with aripiprazole, olanzapine, pindolol, or clonazepam may be effective.
  • D-cycloserine shows promise in augmenting cognitive behavioral therapy for PD.

Conclusions:

  • A range of pharmacological agents, including SSRIs and SNRIs, are effective for panic disorder.
  • Novel compounds and augmentation strategies offer additional therapeutic options.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of certain agents like reboxetine and anticonvulsants.