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Risk factors associated with lipomyelomeningocele: a case-control study
Arash Esmaeili1, Sara Hanaei, Kaveh Fadakar
1Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of lipomyelomeningocele (LipoMMC), a type of neural tube defect. Maternal obesity was also identified as a risk factor for related conditions.
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Pediatric neurology
- Public health
Background:
- Neural tube defects (NTDs) arise from complex genetic and environmental interactions.
- Lipomyelomeningocele (LipoMMC) is a common closed NTD with limited research on its risk factors.
- Understanding LipoMMC etiology is crucial for prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate potential risk factors associated with Lipomyelomeningocele (LipoMMC) formation.
- To compare risk factors between LipoMMC, myelomeningocele (MMC), and a control group.
- To identify modifiable factors for NTD prevention.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based case-control study involving 35 children with LipoMMC.
- Two control groups: 35 children with MMC and 35 children with other congenital anomalies.
- Data collected via questionnaires on maternal health, reproductive history, and family history.
Main Results:
- Lower periconceptional folic acid use was observed in LipoMMC and MMC groups compared to controls.
- Maternal obesity was a significant risk factor for MMC.
- Periconceptional folic acid intake was an independent protective factor against LipoMMC and MMC.
Conclusions:
- Periconceptional folic acid consumption is a key protective factor against LipoMMC.
- Maternal obesity may contribute to MMC development.
- Further large-scale studies are recommended to explore additional risk factors for LipoMMC.
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