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Related Concept Videos

Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

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It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
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Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

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The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones
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Cellular ubiquitin pool dynamics and homeostasis.

Chul-Woo Park1, Kwon-Yul Ryu1

  • 1Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea.

BMB Reports
|June 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Maintaining ubiquitin homeostasis, the balance of free ubiquitin, is crucial for cell survival and function. Disruptions lead to reduced free ubiquitin, impacting cellular viability and protection.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Ubiquitin (Ub) is a key signaling molecule involved in numerous cellular processes.
  • Cellular ubiquitin pools exist in a dynamic equilibrium of free ubiquitin and ubiquitin conjugates.
  • Ubiquitin homeostasis, maintaining adequate free ubiquitin levels, is vital for cellular function and stress response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the importance of ubiquitin homeostasis for cellular function and survival.
  • To discuss the impact of disruptions in ubiquitin pool dynamics on cellular viability.
  • To highlight the role of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in studying ubiquitin homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ubiquitin signaling and homeostasis.

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  • Discussion of proteomic approaches, particularly mass spectrometry, for quantifying ubiquitin species.
  • Analysis of consequences of genetic alterations (gene deletion, enzyme mutations) affecting ubiquitin homeostasis.

    • Main Results:

    • Proteomic techniques enable accurate determination of free ubiquitin and specific ubiquitin chain linkages.
    • Disruption of ubiquitin homeostasis, through gene deletion or deubiquitinating enzyme mutations, commonly reduces free ubiquitin availability.
    • Reduced free ubiquitin levels significantly impair cellular function and viability.

    Conclusions:

    • Ubiquitin homeostasis is essential for cellular protection and survival.
    • The levels of free ubiquitin are critical determinants for cellular defense mechanisms.
    • Understanding ubiquitin pool dynamics is crucial for comprehending cellular responses to stress and disease.