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Cardiac responses in alarmed red deer calves.

Y Espmark1, R Langvatn

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian State Game Research Institute, Trondheim, Norway.

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Summary

Young red deer calves exhibit significant heart rate reduction (bradycardia) when exposed to natural stimuli, a response more pronounced in newborns. Repeated exposure may diminish this freezing response and associated bradycardia.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Physiology
  • Wildlife science

Background:

  • The immobility or "freezing" response is a common anti-predator behavior in prey animals.
  • Understanding the physiological underpinnings of this response is crucial for wildlife conservation and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cardiac response, specifically heart rate changes, in young red deer calves (Cervus elaphus) during the immobility ("freezing") response.
  • To determine if age and repeated exposure to stimuli influence the bradycardia associated with freezing behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were recorded from young red deer calves using radio transmitters.
  • Calves were exposed to various stimuli simulating natural habitat threats to elicit the freezing response.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to naturalistic stimuli induced a significant decrease in heart rate, ranging from 25% to 85% of the pre-exposure rate.
  • Younger calves exhibited more pronounced bradycardia compared to older calves.
  • Evidence suggests a waning of both bradycardia and the freezing behavior with repeated stimulus exposure.

Conclusions:

  • The freezing response in red deer calves is accompanied by substantial physiological changes, including significant bradycardia.
  • Age plays a role in the intensity of the bradycardic response, with neonates showing a stronger reaction.
  • Behavioral and physiological responses to familiar threats may habituate over time in young red deer.