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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

353
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
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Allergic contact dermatitis.

Ali Alikhan1, Howard I Maibach

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA.

Chemical Immunology and Allergy
|June 14, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic contact dermatitis significantly impacts quality of life and productivity. Patch testing, including the convenient TRUE test, remains the gold standard for diagnosing this common skin condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Allergic contact dermatitis is a prevalent global dermatologic disorder.
  • It leads to significant morbidity, reduced quality of life, and economic losses.

Observation:

  • Patch testing is the cornerstone diagnostic tool for allergic contact dermatitis.
  • The thin-layer rapid-use epicutaneous (TRUE) test offers enhanced convenience and feasibility.

Findings:

  • The TRUE test represents a recent advancement in patch testing methodology.
  • Continued research into the science of allergic contact dermatitis improves diagnosis and care.

Implications:

  • Improved diagnostic methods enhance patient management and outcomes.
  • Global collaboration among healthcare providers is crucial for advancing care in allergic contact dermatitis.