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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

277
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Overview
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Urticaria and angioedema.

Marcus Maurer1

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.

Chemical Immunology and Allergy
|June 14, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urticaria and angioedema, ancient skin conditions, have a complex history. Their classification and understanding have evolved over millennia, with ongoing challenges in fully explaining their origins and pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Medical History

Background:

  • Urticaria and angioedema are historically significant conditions with ancient roots.
  • Numerous names and etiological theories have been proposed throughout history.

Observation:

  • The classification and nomenclature of these diseases show a long, complex evolution.
  • Historical research reveals many challenges and unresolved issues in understanding their pathogenesis.

Findings:

  • This chapter traces the historical trajectory of urticaria and angioedema.
  • It reviews original sources and prior research to map their evolving understanding.

Implications:

  • Understanding the historical context is crucial for addressing current diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Further research is needed to resolve remaining questions regarding the pathogenesis of urticaria and angioedema.