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Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Chromosomics: Detection of Numerical and Structural Alterations in All 24 Human Chromosomes Simultaneously Using a Novel OctoChrome FISH Assay
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Chromones.

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Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a synthetic chromone, was developed for asthma treatment. It effectively inhibits histamine and leukotriene release, providing long-lasting protection against bronchoconstriction.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Chromones, characterized by a 5:6 benz-1:4-pyrone structure, include khellin, historically used for smooth muscle relaxation and diuretic effects.
  • Khellin's use in treating bronchial asthma led to research into synthetic chromone derivatives for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Observation:

  • Screening involved animal models assessing histamine and SRS-A release inhibition and human models evaluating antigen-induced bronchoconstriction.
  • Dr. R.E.C. Altounyan, an asthma patient, conducted human trials, enduring over 600 challenges with more than 200 compounds.

Findings:

  • Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) emerged after 8 years of research, demonstrating over 6 hours of protection.
  • DSCG proved effective in preventing anaphylactic histamine and SRS-A release and reducing antigen-induced bronchoconstriction.

Implications:

  • Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) remains a valuable therapeutic agent, functioning as a mast cell stabilizer.
  • The development of DSCG highlights the success of targeted drug discovery based on natural product modification and patient-led research.