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Neural Circuits

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...

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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex.

Nikolai Dembrow¹, Daniel Johnston¹

¹Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits

|June 14, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is disrupted in disorders affecting cognitive control. This review explores how distinct PFC neuron subcircuits are selectively modulated, impacting goal-directed behavior.

Keywords:

neuromodulation prefrontal cortex projection neurons

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Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

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Published on: September 11, 2017

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Assaying Circuit Specific Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Precursor Cells

Assaying Circuit Specific Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Precursor Cells

Published on: July 24, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science

Background:

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for top-down control in goal-directed behavior.
PFC dysfunction is implicated in disorders characterized by cognitive, attentional, motivational, and impulse control deficits.
Disrupted neuromodulation of the PFC is a common factor in these disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To review evidence for subcircuit-specific neuromodulation within the PFC.
To describe the functional consequences of selective PFC neuromodulation on behavior.

Main Methods:

Analysis of in vivo and ex vivo studies on PFC neurons.
Identification of distinct neuronal subpopulations based on projection targets.
Examination of connectivity, intrinsic properties, and neuromodulator responses.

Main Results:

Prefrontal projection neurons can be segregated into distinct subcircuits.
These subcircuits exhibit unique connectivity, intrinsic properties, and neuromodulatory responses.
Neuromodulation can selectively target these PFC subcircuits.

Conclusions:

Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation offers a new framework for understanding PFC function.
Selective modulation of PFC subcircuits has significant functional consequences for goal-directed behavior.
This understanding may inform therapeutic strategies for PFC-related disorders.