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Tc1-like transposable elements in plant genomes.

Yuan Liu1, Guojun Yang1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, L5L 1C6 Mississauga, ON, Canada ; Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Mobile DNA
|June 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tc1-like elements (TLEs), previously found only in animals and fungi, are now identified in plant genomes. These transposable elements show recent amplification in moss and presence in flowering plants.

Keywords:
EvolutionMariner-like elementsMossPlant genomeTc1-like elementsTc1-mariner-IS630 superfamilyTransposable elementsTransposition activity

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Tc1/mariner superfamily of transposable elements (TEs) are common in animal genomes.
  • Mariner-like elements are found in plants, but Tc1-like elements (TLEs) with a DD34E motif were thought to be restricted to unikonts.
  • This study investigates the presence of TLEs in plant genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize Tc1-like elements (TLEs) in plant genomes.
  • To determine the distribution and potential activity of TLEs in plants.
  • To extend the known host range of TLEs to the plant kingdom.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of plant genome sequence databases.
  • Identification of elements with characteristic TLE features, including terminal nucleotides and the DD34E motif.
  • Analysis of transcript data to assess gene expression and coding potential.

Main Results:

  • Tc1-like elements (TLEs) were identified in the moss (Physcomitrella patens) genome, with two families (PpTc1, PpTc2) showing high similarity.
  • Multiple PpTc1 copies are actively transcribed, encoding full-length transposase sequences.
  • TLEs were also detected in various angiosperm genomes, including rice, birch, cabbage, hemp, barley, lettuce, poplar, pear, and wheat.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms the presence of Tc1-like elements (TLEs) in the plant phylum, expanding their known distribution.
  • TLEs in the moss genome appear to have amplified recently and may retain transposition capability.
  • While present in angiosperm genomes, TLEs are significantly less abundant compared to moss.