Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

67
Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
67
Microbial Fermentation01:23

Microbial Fermentation

1.8K
Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
1.8K
Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

1.3K
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
1.3K
Methods of Medium Optimization01:28

Methods of Medium Optimization

69
Optimizing growth media enhances microbial proliferation and maximizes product yield. Statistical experimental design methodologies provide structured and reproducible approaches, offering progressively higher levels of robustness and efficiency.The One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) MethodThe One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) method involves adjusting a single variable while keeping all others constant. However, it cannot detect interactions between variables, often leading to suboptimal outcomes when...
69
Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

195
Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
195
Designing Growth Media for Bioreactors01:30

Designing Growth Media for Bioreactors

78
Growth media provide essential nutrients that support cell growth and metabolism, thereby enhancing the yield of valuable products such as enzymes, antibiotics, and biomass. Designing an effective growth medium involves balancing all components to prevent nutrient limitations or toxic excesses, both of which can impair growth and reduce product yields.Composition of a Typical Growth MediumA typical growth medium contains carbon and nitrogen sources, salts, vitamins, trace elements, and...
78

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An Experimentally Verified Mechanistic Model for Predicting Quorum Sensing-Based Switches.

Microbial biotechnology·2026
Same author

Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae sphingolipid pathways for enhanced phytoceramide production.

New biotechnology·2026
Same author

Bioart and biosafety: navigating 'living art' within the European regulatory framework.

Trends in biotechnology·2026
Same author

A Scaffoldomics Platform for Modular In Vivo Enzyme Colocalisation and Its Application to Naringenin Biosynthesis.

Microbial biotechnology·2026
Same author

Reversal of the Leloir pathway to promote galactose and tagatose synthesis from glucose.

Cell reports. Physical science·2026
Same author

Strength in diversity: unlocking the full potential of engineered living materials with multistrain collaboration.

FEMS microbiology reviews·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

13.5K

Multivariate modular metabolic engineering for pathway and strain optimization.

Bradley Walters Biggs1, Brecht De Paepe2, Christine Nicole S Santos3

  • 1Manus Biosynthesis, 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering (Masters in Biotechnology Program), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|June 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Industrial biotechnology needs better strain optimization. Multivariate modular metabolic engineering (MMME) offers a new, broadly applicable method to balance metabolic flux for improved chemical production.

More Related Videos

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning
08:31

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning

Published on: February 5, 2021

13.9K
A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

13.5K
Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning
08:31

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning

Published on: February 5, 2021

13.9K
A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Industrial biotechnology
  • Metabolic engineering
  • Synthetic biology

Background:

  • Microbial fermentation is key for chemical production, but strain optimization remains a challenge.
  • Metabolic flux imbalances hinder efficient bioprocesses.
  • Current methods like rational design and combinatorial approaches have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and highlight the potential of Multivariate Modular Metabolic Engineering (MMME) for strain optimization.
  • To present MMME as a novel and broadly applicable principle for industrial biotechnology.
  • To address the need for systematic approaches in metabolic engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Organizing key enzymes into distinct modules.
  • Simultaneously varying enzyme expression levels within modules.
  • Balancing metabolic flux through engineered pathways.

Main Results:

  • MMME provides a systematic approach to metabolic pathway optimization.
  • The technique addresses metabolic flux imbalances effectively.
  • Demonstrates simplicity and broad applicability across different systems.

Conclusions:

  • MMME has the potential to revolutionize metabolic engineering and industrial biotechnology.
  • This approach offers a standardized principle for strain optimization.
  • Facilitates more efficient and predictable chemical production via microbial fermentation.