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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma I: Introduction01:28

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

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Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
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Lung function decline and variable airway inflammatory pattern: longitudinal analysis of severe asthma.

Christopher Newby1, Joshua Agbetile2, Beverley Hargadon2

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|June 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

High variability in sputum eosinophils, not just the amount, is linked to faster lung function decline in severe asthma. This finding helps predict disease progression in patients with severe asthma.

Keywords:
Severe asthmaairway inflammationeosinophiliainduced sputumlung function decline

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Related Experiment Videos

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A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Sputum eosinophilic airway inflammation is a key marker for severe asthma treatment stratification.
  • Sputum eosinophilia correlates with severe asthma exacerbations and reduced airflow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if sputum eosinophilic inflammation correlates with FEV₁ decline in severe asthma.
  • To identify distinct patient subgroups based on the temporal variation of eosinophilic airway inflammation and their impact on FEV₁ decrease.

Main Methods:

  • Followed 97 severe asthma patients for a median of 6 years with 3-month visits.
  • Analyzed induced sputum for eosinophilic inflammation and used linear mixed-effects models to assess lung function.
  • Employed cluster analysis to group patients by sputum eosinophil variation and FEV₁ decrease rates.

Main Results:

  • Overall FEV₁ decrease was -25.7 mL/y, influenced by exacerbations, age, sex, and sputum eosinophils.
  • Identified three patient clusters: noneosinophilic with low variation (-14.0 mL/y), eosinophilic with high variation (-40.9 mL/y), and hypereosinophilic with low variation (-19.2 mL/y).

Conclusions:

  • Sputum eosinophil levels correlate with postbronchodilator FEV₁ in asthma patients.
  • High variability in sputum eosinophils over time, rather than baseline levels, is associated with accelerated FEV₁ decline in severe asthma.