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Low-grade inflammation disrupts structural plasticity in the human brain.

C Szabó1, O Kelemen2, S Kéri3

  • 1University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Szeged, Hungary; Nyírő Gyula Hospital - National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary.

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|June 15, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive training enhanced hippocampal volume, but high inflammation, particularly Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), predicted less brain plasticity. This suggests inflammation hinders cognitive enhancement.

Keywords:
cognitive traininghippocampusinflammationneuronal plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroinflammation
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Low-grade inflammation is linked to neuropsychiatric disorders and reduced neuronal plasticity.
  • Understanding inflammation's impact on brain plasticity is crucial for cognitive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between brain structural changes during cognitive training and peripheral inflammation in healthy adults.
  • To identify inflammatory markers associated with hippocampal plasticity during cognitive training.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy participants (n=56) underwent a two-month cognitive training program using a video game (30 min/day).
  • Brain structural changes, specifically hippocampal volume, were assessed.
  • Peripheral inflammation markers, including Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein, were measured.
  • The influence of stressful life events on hippocampal changes was also evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive training significantly increased the volume of the right hippocampal formation.
  • Higher expression of peripheral Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) was the primary predictor of greater hippocampal volume expansion.
  • Stressful life events were associated with less hippocampal enlargement.
  • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein levels did not predict hippocampal plasticity when NF-κB was considered.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive training can induce structural brain changes, specifically hippocampal plasticity.
  • Peripheral inflammation, particularly mediated by NF-κB, plays a significant role in modulating neuronal plasticity during cognitive training.
  • Higher levels of inflammation are associated with diminished brain plasticity responses to cognitive challenges.