Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

300
Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
300
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

2.9K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
2.9K
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

321
Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
321
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.4K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.4K
Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

3.0K
Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
3.0K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

1.1K
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Response to Haseena et al, "Characterization and treatment outcomes of rituximab therapy in super-responders and rituximab-refractory pemphigus patients: A single-center retrospective study".

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·2026
Same author

Distribution network risk prediction based on data mining and improved PSO fused with SVM.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Frontoparietal Hub Connectivity Integrates Information from Multiple Sources.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Visual working memory for real-world objects is resistant to visual but vulnerable to semantic interference.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same author

The puzzle of profitless pre-cues.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

When forewarned is not forearmed: No evidence for cue-based proactive control in the spatial Stroop task.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2026
Same journal

Peripheral Nervous System Involvement in Parkinson's Disease: Peripheral Neuropathy, Neuromuscular Junction Dysfunction, and Clinical Implications.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

Violence on the self: Exploring the intersection of trauma and identity among sexual and gender minorities from a neurobiological and developmental perspective to advance our understanding of PTSD, moral injury, and dissociation symptoms.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

Meaning in life and biological functioning: A multisystem synthesis and agenda for future research.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

Beyond Diagnosis: Why and How Virtual Reality Should be Used in Research on Neurodevelopmental Conditions?

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

What eye-movements tell us about Disorders of Consciousness?

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

Systematic Review of Tactile-Based Interventions Combined with Multisensory Stimulation Protocols in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Disorders of Consciousness.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

9.5K

Bayesian modeling of flexible cognitive control.

Jiefeng Jiang1, Katherine Heller2, Tobias Egner1

  • 1Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, United States; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, United States.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|June 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a Bayesian model with volatility-driven learning to explain flexible cognitive control. This approach improves predictions of future control demands by dynamically adjusting reliance on past experiences.

Keywords:
Bayesian modelsCognitive controlConflictConflict adaptationCongruency sequence effectProportion congruency effect

More Related Videos

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
07:26

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Published on: May 4, 2020

3.0K
Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

9.5K
Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
07:26

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Published on: May 4, 2020

3.0K
Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Computational psychiatry
  • Bayesian modeling

Background:

  • Cognitive control guides goal-directed behavior when automatic responses are inadequate.
  • Current computational models lack mechanisms for flexible adjustment of control based on changing conflict levels.
  • Understanding the neural and computational basis of cognitive control is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in Bayesian models for cognitive control.
  • To address the limitation of inflexible control adjustment in existing models.
  • To propose a novel Bayesian model for flexible cognitive control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Bayesian models applied to cognitive control.
  • Development of a Bayesian model incorporating a volatility-driven learning mechanism.
  • Dynamic modulation of reliance on recent versus remote experiences for predicting control demand.

Main Results:

  • The proposed Bayesian model demonstrates flexible cognitive control.
  • Volatility-driven learning allows dynamic adjustment of control based on changing conflict levels.
  • The model dynamically modulates dependence on past experiences to predict future control needs.

Conclusions:

  • The Bayesian perspective offers a promising framework for understanding cognitive control mechanisms.
  • Future research should identify neural substrates for model variables.
  • Determining the neural implementation (Bayesian or other) is crucial for advancing the field.