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Aberrant gut microbiota composition at the onset of type 1 diabetes in young children

Marcus C de Goffau1, Susana Fuentes, Bartholomeus van den Bogert

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, HPC EB80, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Diabetologia
|June 16, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Early-onset type 1 diabetes in children is linked to gut microbiota alterations. Non-diabetic children exhibit a more balanced gut microbiome with beneficial butyrate-producing species.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Aberrant gut microbiota is increasingly linked to type 1 diabetes development.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the gut microbiota composition in very young children with new-onset type 1 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the gut microbiota of children aged 1-5 years with new-onset type 1 diabetes to that of age-matched healthy controls.
  • To identify microbial differences associated with early-onset type 1 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic microarray analysis using the Human Intestinal Tract Chip (HITChip) for deep global analysis of gut microbiota composition.
  • Comparison of microbiota in new-onset type 1 diabetes patients and healthy controls, stratified by age.

Main Results:

  • Age was a significant factor in microbiota composition.
  • In children younger than 2.9 years, diabetic children showed higher abundance of Bacilli and Bacteroidetes, while controls had more Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa.
  • Older diabetic children (>2.9 years) exhibited increased microbial diversity compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Non-diabetic children possess a more balanced gut microbiota.
  • Butyrate-producing species within Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa appear crucial for a healthy gut microbiome in children.
Abstract

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