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The difficult-to-control spread of carbapenemase producers among Enterobacteriaceae worldwide

P Nordmann1, L Poirel

  • 1Medical and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Hôpital Cantonal de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; INSERM U914, South-Paris Medical School, K.-Bicêtre, France.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|June 17, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, including KPC, NDM, and OXA-48, are spreading globally. Control in hospitals requires rapid diagnostics and strict hygiene measures to limit the spread of these resistant bacteria.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) represent a significant global health threat.
  • The emergence and worldwide dissemination of KPC, NDM, and OXA-48 carbapenemases are of major concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the main carbapenemase types (KPC, NDM, OXA-48) and their primary reservoirs within Enterobacteriaceae.
  • To differentiate the epidemiological patterns of KPC, NDM, and OXA-48 producers in healthcare settings and the community.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and epidemiological data analysis of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
  • Identification of key bacterial species and geographical distribution for each carbapenemase type.

Main Results:

  • KPC carbapenemases are primarily associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae in the USA, Israel, Greece, and Italy.
  • NDM and OXA-48 carbapenemases are found in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, with NDM prevalent in the Indian subcontinent and OXA-48 in North Africa and Turkey.
  • KPC producers are mainly nosocomial, while NDM and OXA-48 producers are found in both hospital and community settings.

Conclusions:

  • Effective control of carbapenemase spread in hospitals is achievable through rapid diagnostic tools.
  • Strict adherence to infection control and hygiene measures is crucial for managing the spread of these multidrug-resistant organisms.
Keywords:
CarbapenemaseEnterobacteriaceaeKPCNDMOXA-48

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