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Related Experiment Video

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The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
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Does the arrival index predict physiological stress reactivity in children.

Danielle M J de Veld1, J Marianne Riksen-Walraven, Carolina de Weerth

  • 1Department of Developmental Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.

Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|June 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study explored using pre-stress salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase (sAA) levels to predict children's stress responses. Findings indicate the "arrival index" does not reliably predict stress reactivity in children, hindering new stress paradigm development.

Keywords:
Alpha-amylaseTSST-Ccortisolemotion regulationmiddle childhoodpersonality

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology
  • Stress Research

Background:

  • Current understanding of children's stress reactivity relies on limited paradigms, impacting generalizability.
  • Adult research suggests pre-stress cortisol and alpha-amylase (sAA) changes predict stress task reactivity.
  • Developing novel, time-efficient stress paradigms for children is crucial for advancing research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if pre-stress salivary cortisol and sAA 'arrival indices' correlate with stress reactivity in children.
  • To determine the potential of these indices for developing a new, brief stress paradigm for pediatric research.

Main Methods:

  • Collected salivary cortisol and sAA from 158 children (ages 9-11) during a 2.5-hour laboratory visit.
  • Included a 1-hour pre-stress period followed by a psychosocial stress task (TSST-C).
  • Analyzed correlations between pre-stress 'arrival indices' and stress reactivity measures (AUCg, AUCi).

Main Results:

  • A higher cortisol arrival index weakly correlated with higher AUCg but not cortisol reactivity.
  • A higher sAA arrival index moderately correlated with lower stress reactivity and lower AUCi.
  • Children's personality and emotion regulation were not associated with arrival indices.

Conclusions:

  • The pre-stress 'arrival index' for cortisol and sAA does not reliably predict stress reactivity in children.
  • Findings do not support the development of a new stress paradigm based on these pre-stress measures.
  • Further research in both children and adults is needed to understand the meaning of the arrival index.