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Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

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Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults
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Catatonia in the elderly.

Tomoji Takata1, Ken Takaoka, Maiko Fujigaki

  • 1Department of Psychopathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.

International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice
|June 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Catatonia in older adults is often linked to medical issues, not just psychosis. Early detection and treatment, potentially with lorazepam or electroconvulsive therapy, are crucial for managing this geriatric condition.

Keywords:
Catatoniaelderlyelectroconvulsive therapymalignant syndromeschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Psychiatry
  • Neurology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Catatonia in geriatric patients remains under-researched.
  • Existing research often overlooks medical conditions mimicking catatonia in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the phenomenology, diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of catatonia in the elderly.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection and management in geriatric catatonia.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 71 case descriptions from 45 studies.
  • Analysis of phenomenology, diagnosis, etiology, and treatment patterns.

Main Results:

  • Catatonia in the elderly frequently co-occurs with general medical conditions.
  • Misdiagnosis can occur when prior psychosis is assumed to be the cause.
  • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a common cause, while anxiety/adjustment disorder is rare.
  • Lorazepam showed beneficial responses, and electroconvulsive therapy is an option for refractory cases.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of catatonia in the elderly is vital for timely treatment initiation.
  • Consider catatonia in elderly patients with atypical collapse, especially with a history of mood disorders.
  • Preventing complications like venous thrombosis in stuporous patients is essential.