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Related Concept Videos

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Depression and dementia: cause, consequence or coincidence?

Sophia Bennett1, Alan J Thomas1

  • 1Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom.

Maturitas
|June 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Depression may increase dementia risk and signal its early onset. Shared neurobiological changes, like white matter disease, link these conditions, suggesting potential for prevention through depression treatment.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseDementiaDepressionProdromeRisk factorsVascular dementia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The link between depression and dementia is complex and not fully understood.
  • Existing research presents various perspectives on their relationship and underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on the relationship between depression and dementia.
  • To determine if depression is a risk factor, prodrome, consequence, or comorbidity of dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting different roles of depression in dementia.

Main Results:

  • Convincing evidence suggests early-life depression is a risk factor for later-life dementia.
  • Late-life depression can be a prodrome (early sign) of dementia.
  • Shared neurobiological changes, such as white matter disease, are observed in both conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Effective treatment of depression may reduce dementia prevalence.
  • Clinicians should monitor late-life depression for early signs of dementia and follow up on cognitive impairment.