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Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show...
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Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
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Hamilton Depression Scale in dementia.

Semion G Kertzman, Ilan A Treves, Therese A Treves

    International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice
    |June 17, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Depression is common in dementia. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) effectively identifies depression in patients with primary degenerative dementia (PDD) and vascular dementia (VD), with a cut-off score of 10.

    Keywords:
    Alzheimer'S DiseaseDepressionHamilton Depression Rating ScalePrimary Degenerative DementiaVascular Dementia

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Psychiatry
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Prevalence of depression varies significantly in primary degenerative dementia (PDD) and vascular dementia (VD).
    • Existing diagnostic tools may be insufficient for detecting depression alongside cognitive decline.
    • The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was assessed for its utility in demented populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) in identifying depression in patients with PDD and VD.
    • To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the HDRS for diagnosing depression in dementia.

    Main Methods:

    • 50 patients with PDD and 50 with VD were examined.
    • Depression was assessed using DSM-III-R criteria and the HDRS.
    • Statistical analysis included sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's J-indices for HDRS cut-off scores.

    Main Results:

    • Depression was present in 38% of demented patients.
    • A HDRS cut-off score of 10 indicated depression in demented individuals (z= -5.7, P < 0.0001).
    • Affective symptoms on the HDRS strongly correlated with depression diagnosis (Mann-Whitney tests, P < 0.0001).

    Conclusions:

    • Depression is a frequent comorbidity in patients with dementia.
    • The HDRS demonstrates good criterion validity for assessing depression in demented patients.
    • The HDRS is a valuable tool for detecting depression in PDD and VD.