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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
Published on: October 22, 2020
Smoking increases the risk of multiple sclerosis in Queensland, Australia
C O'Gorman1, W Bukhari2, A Todd3
1School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, Australia; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Abstract:
There is growing evidence for the role of smoking in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). We have undertaken a large case-control study of smoking in MS and assessed this using a regression model. We have confirmed an association between increased risk of MS and smoking in Queensland, Australia, a region of intermediate risk for MS. The overall adjusted odds ratio was 1.9 (95% confidence interval 1.5-2.5) for ever smokers. There was no statistically significant difference in the risks for males and females. A number of potential mechanisms to explain this association have been postulated including direct and indirect (via vitamin D) effects on the immune system.
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