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Related Concept Videos

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
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Transcript maturation in apicomplexan parasites.

Elena S Suvorova1, Michael W White2

  • 1Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apicomplexan parasites like Toxoplasma gondii exhibit complex life cycles with significant gene expression changes. Understanding the balance between transcription and post-transcriptional regulation is crucial for parasite development.

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Apicomplexan parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii, undergo complex life cycles characterized by dynamic protein expression.
  • Gene expression studies reveal significant mRNA level fluctuations during asexual replication, with up to 50% of genes unequally expressed.
  • Both transcription and mRNA processing are critical for timely protein delivery essential for parasite growth and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intricate balance between transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in apicomplexan parasites.
  • To elucidate how these mechanisms coordinate to ensure the production of specific parasite forms required for life cycle completion.

Main Methods:

  • Global gene expression analysis in Toxoplasma gondii.
  • Mechanistic studies focusing on RNA-binding proteins and regulatory kinases.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic changes in mRNA levels occur in a serial cascade during asexual replication.
  • Post-transcriptional mechanisms, involving RNA-binding proteins and kinases, play a prominent role in Apicomplexa.

Conclusions:

  • While transcription and mRNA processing are vital, a comprehensive understanding of their coordinated regulation in apicomplexans remains incomplete.
  • Further research is needed to fully grasp how these processes ensure the adequate production of specialized parasite forms for life cycle progression.