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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Preparation of Non-human Primate Brain Tissue for Pre-embedding Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy
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Microscopic background changes in brains of cynomolgus monkeys.

Mark Timothy Butt1, Katharine Mason Whitney2, Wendell Davis3

  • 1Tox Path Specialists, LLC, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Toxicologic Pathology
|June 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Spontaneous brain changes in cynomolgus monkeys are rare and typically incidental. Understanding these background findings is crucial for accurate toxicology studies in non-human primates.

Keywords:
gliosishistopathologyinfiltratemicrogliamonkeynonhuman primate

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology
  • Primate Research

Background:

  • Toxicology studies often utilize non-human primates, such as cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).
  • Spontaneous, non-drug-related changes in control animal tissues are essential baseline data for interpreting study results.
  • Limited information exists on the spontaneous incidence and nature of brain lesions in this species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the incidence and type of spontaneous background lesions in the brains of control cynomolgus monkeys.
  • To establish a baseline for neuropathological findings in this species.
  • To aid in the differentiation of toxicologically induced changes from incidental findings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of hematoxylin and eosin-stained brain sections from 76 control cynomolgus monkeys (38 males, 38 females) across 9 studies.
  • Examination of brain parenchyma, meninges, and choroid plexus for neuropathological alterations.
  • Categorization of findings based on type, location, severity, and potential cause.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen incidental findings were observed in 11 out of 76 animals (14.5%).
  • The most common finding was focal to multifocal perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells (11 animals).
  • Focal gliosis (6 animals) and a single instance of hemosiderin deposition (1 animal) were also noted; all findings were minimal to slight in severity.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous neuropathological findings in control cynomolgus monkeys are infrequent and generally of minimal biological significance.
  • Focal perivascular infiltrates and gliosis are the most common incidental findings.
  • Awareness of these background lesions is critical for accurate assessment of treatment-related effects in toxicology studies.