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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

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The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
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Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

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Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect...
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Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase

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The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Related Experiment Video

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Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
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High-mobility group box-1 in sterile inflammation.

A Tsung1, S Tohme, T R Billiar

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Journal of Internal Medicine
|June 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein with critical roles inside and outside cells. Targeting HMGB1 shows promise for treating sterile inflammatory diseases by reducing inflammation.

Keywords:
HMGB1damage-associated molecular patternimmune systeminflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein with diverse intracellular functions, including chromatin regulation and gene transcription.
  • Extracellular HMGB1 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern, binding to receptors like TLRs and RAGE, and is implicated in disease pathogenesis.
  • HMGB1 is released during cell injury or via innate immune stimulation, playing a key role in sterile inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the pathogenesis of sterile inflammatory conditions.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting HMGB1 in sterile inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on HMGB1's functions and involvement in sterile inflammation.
  • Analysis of studies investigating HMGB1-targeting strategies in disease models.

Main Results:

  • HMGB1's dual role as a nuclear regulator and extracellular mediator of inflammation is highlighted.
  • Extracellular HMGB1 interacts with specific receptors, contributing to disease progression.
  • Targeting HMGB1 has demonstrated significant reduction in inflammation in preclinical models of sterile inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a key driver in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic sterile inflammation.
  • HMGB1-targeting strategies represent a promising therapeutic avenue for sterile inflammatory diseases.