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Side-effects and immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide vaccine in a multiethnic pediatric
Insights
The Haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide vaccine (Hbpv) showed low side-effects and good immunogenicity in children. Reactions were less frequent than with DPT vaccination, with no significant differences across ethnic groups.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- The Haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide vaccine (Hbpv) was introduced in a multi-ethnic population of U.S. military dependents aged 2-6 years.
- Previous DPT vaccination data provided a benchmark for reaction frequency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the side-effects and immunogenicity of Hbpv in a diverse pediatric population.
- To compare Hbpv reactions with those of DPT vaccination.
- To investigate potential differences in response based on ethnicity.
Main Methods:
- Parental reporting of local and systemic reactions in 659 vaccinees within 48 hours of Hbpv administration.
- Serologic assessment of pre- and post-vaccination antibody levels in 114 children.
- Analysis of side-effects and immunogenicity data stratified by age and ethnicity.
Main Results:
- 80% of children experienced no reactions; 20% had mild local/systemic reactions, significantly less frequent than DPT.
- Pre-vaccination immunity ranged from 54% in 2-year-olds to 86% in 5-year-olds.
- Post-vaccination immunity ranged from 80% in 2-year-olds to 93% in 5-year-olds.
- Children with side-effects showed comparable serologic changes to those without.
- No significant differences in side-effects or immunologic response were observed across ethnic groups.
Conclusions:
- Hbpv is well-tolerated with a favorable side-effect profile compared to DPT in young children.
- The vaccine elicits a robust immunologic response, though age influences pre- and post-vaccination antibody levels.
- Side-effects, immunogenicity, and ethnic background are independent variables for Hbpv.
Abstract:
Side-effects and immunogenicity of the Haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide vaccine (Hbpv) were reported following introduction in a multi-ethnic border population of 2- to 6-year-old U.S. military dependents. Eighty percent of 659 vaccinees were reported by parents to have no reactions within 48 hours following vaccination; 20% were reported to have local and/or systemic reactions. Each reaction was reported with one-fifth or less the frequency previously reported following DPT vaccination. Serologic data are presented on 114 of the vaccinees. The frequency of pre-vaccination levels reportedly associated with immunity ranged from a lower than expected 54% of 2-year-olds to an expected 86% of 5-year-olds. Post-vaccination levels reportedly associated with immunity ranged from a lower than expected 80% of 2-year-olds to an expected 93% of 5-year-olds. Of the 114 vaccines with serologic data, those with side-effects had serologic changes comparable to those without side-effects. There was no difference in side-effects or immunologic response across ethnic groups. Therefore, side-effects, immunologic responses, and ethnic group appear to be independent variables.