Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 28, 2026

In Vitro Cellular Activity Evaluation of the Nanoemulsion Vaccine Adjuvant Ophiopogonin D
Published on: December 9, 2022
Effect of Lacto-N-biose I on the Antigen-specific Immune Responses of Splenocytes
Masao Goto1, Yuko Takano-Ishikawa1, Mamoru Nishimoto1
1National Agriculture and Food Research Organization National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
Abstract:
We examined the effect of lacto-N-biose I (LNB) on Antigen (Ag)-specific responses of immune cells. LNB exposure in vitro suppressed Ag-specific Interleukin (IL)-4 secretion of mouse splenocytes significantly. However, IL-4 secretion from CD4(+) T cells stimulated with anti-CD3ε did not changed significantly with LNB exposure. Additionally, Ag-specific Th1 cytokines did not change. Therefore LNB might suppress Ag-specific IL-4 through modification of Ag-presenting cells (APCs) in a manner independent of Th1-type immune development.
Related Concept Videos
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Immunological Memory
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
Vaccinations
Humoral Immune Responses

