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Related Concept Videos

Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

3.8K
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
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Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

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Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
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Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

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Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus
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Horizontal gene transfer: accidental inheritance drives adaptation.

Endymion D Cooper1

  • 1Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|June 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Plants can acquire genes from sources other than their parents. This study documents the horizontal gene transfer of a potentially adaptive gene between distantly related plant species.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Plant Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Inheritance typically occurs vertically from parent to offspring.
  • Non-mendelian inheritance mechanisms, such as horizontal gene transfer (HGT), are increasingly recognized in various organisms.
  • The extent and adaptive significance of HGT in plants remain areas of active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and analyze a case of horizontal gene transfer between distantly related plant species.
  • To investigate the potential adaptive role of the transferred gene.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis to trace gene origin.
  • Comparative genomics to identify the transferred gene.
  • Functional analysis to assess gene"s potential adaptive value.

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Main Results:

  • Evidence for the successful horizontal transfer of a specific gene between distinct plant lineages.
  • Identification of the gene"s likely origin and mechanism of transfer.
  • Preliminary data suggesting the transferred gene may confer an adaptive advantage.

Conclusions:

  • Horizontal gene transfer is a viable mechanism for genetic material acquisition in plants.
  • Transferred genes can be potentially adaptive, influencing plant evolution.
  • This finding expands our understanding of genetic diversity and evolution in the plant kingdom.