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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: May 27, 2022
Serum biomarkers for traumatic brain injury
Miriam D Neher1, Chesleigh N Keene1, Megan C Rich1
1From Denver Health Medical Center, and the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery, and Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver.
Abstract:
There is a lack of reliable serum biomarkers for routine use in the diagnostic workup of people with traumatic brain injury. Multiple biomediators and biomarkers have been described in the pertinent literature in recent years; however, only a few candidate molecules have been associated with high sensitivity and high specificity for risk stratification and outcome prediction after traumatic brain injury. This review was designed to provide an overview of the state of the art regarding established serum biomarkers in the field and to outline future directions of investigation.
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