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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus
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Deep brain and cortical stimulation for epilepsy.

Mathieu Sprengers1, Kristl Vonck, Evelien Carrette

  • 1Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 1K12, 185 De Pintelaan, Ghent, Belgium, B-9000.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|June 18, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intracranial neurostimulation moderately reduces seizure frequency in refractory epilepsy. However, anterior thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is linked to increased depression and memory issues, necessitating further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Refractory epilepsy often persists despite optimal medical and surgical treatments.
  • Invasive intracranial neurostimulation, including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and cortical stimulation, is an emerging therapeutic option.
  • These techniques involve implanting electrodes within the brain or on its surface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of deep brain and cortical stimulation for refractory epilepsy.
  • The assessment is based on evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane databases, and reference lists was conducted.
  • Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intracranial neurostimulation to sham stimulation, resective surgery, or antiepileptic drugs were included.
  • Data on seizure freedom, responder rates, seizure frequency reduction, adverse events, and quality of life were extracted and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Ten RCTs involving anterior thalamic DBS, centromedian thalamic DBS, cerebellar stimulation, hippocampal DBS, and responsive ictal onset zone stimulation were identified.
  • Moderate-quality evidence suggests anterior thalamic DBS, responsive ictal onset zone stimulation, and hippocampal DBS moderately reduce seizure frequency (1-3 months).
  • Anterior thalamic DBS showed higher rates of self-reported depression and memory impairment, while responsive ictal onset zone stimulation requires monitoring for SUDEP.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term RCTs indicate that anterior thalamic DBS, responsive ictal onset zone stimulation, and hippocampal DBS can moderately decrease seizure frequency in refractory epilepsy.
  • Anterior thalamic DBS is associated with adverse psychological effects, and SUDEP rates need monitoring with responsive ictal onset zone stimulation.
  • More large-scale, well-designed RCTs are crucial to confirm and optimize the efficacy and safety of these invasive neurostimulation techniques.