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Related Concept Videos

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types

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Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Related Experiment Video

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Vitiligo--part 1.

Roberto Gomes Tarlé1, Liliane Machado do Nascimento1, Marcelo Távora Mira1

  • 1Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia
|June 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Vitiligo, a chronic skin condition affecting melanocytes, is a complex polygenic disease. Research is ongoing to understand its genetic and environmental triggers, pathogenesis, and potential treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition affecting melanocytes, leading to hypochromic patches.
  • Its prevalence is estimated at 0.5% globally.
  • Vitiligo is considered a complex, multifactorial, and polygenic disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of vitiligo pathogenesis.
  • To highlight genetic associations and environmental factors.
  • To discuss proposed mechanisms including autoimmune and metabolic pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on vitiligo genetics and pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of proposed etiological theories.
  • Identification of key genes and proteins implicated in vitiligo.

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Main Results:

  • Genetic factors like DDR1, XBP1, and NLRP1 are associated with vitiligo.
  • The autoimmune hypothesis is the most cited theory for vitiligo pathogenesis.
  • Melanocyte adhesion deficits and metabolic pathway dysfunctions are also investigated.

Conclusions:

  • Vitiligo pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate environmental triggers and underlying mechanisms.
  • Identifying new genes and proteins may offer therapeutic targets.