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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
628
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

492
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
492
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

359
Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

645
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling
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Pathologic findings in native infective endocarditis.

Jennifer A Collins1, Yang Zhang1, Allen P Burke1

  • 1From the Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, United States.

Pathology, Research and Practice
|June 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histologic findings mimicking autoimmune inflammation are common in infective endocarditis, particularly with streptococcal infections. Underlying calcific valve disease is a significant risk factor for this condition.

Keywords:
EndocarditisHistologyStaphylococcal infectionStreptococcal infectionValve disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Pathology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the histological characteristics of native infective endocarditis.
  • A particular focus is needed on distinguishing infective endocarditis from autoimmune valvulitis based on tissue examination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively analyze the gross and histological features of native valve infective endocarditis.
  • To correlate these findings with microbiological results, pre-existing valve conditions, patient risk factors, and disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Surgical specimens from 95 patients with infective endocarditis were examined.
  • Histological analysis included evaluation of vegetations, inflammation, and specific cellular patterns.
  • Correlations were made with culture data, underlying valve disease, risk factors, and time from symptom onset.

Main Results:

  • Underlying valve disease was present in 27% of patients, often associated with streptococcal infection.
  • Absence of underlying valve disease was linked to intravenous drug abuse and dialysis dependence.
  • Histological features mimicking autoimmune inflammation (epithelioid macrophages) were observed in 40% of cases, frequently with streptococcal infections.

Conclusions:

  • Histological findings that resemble autoimmune inflammation are common in infective endocarditis.
  • These mimics are particularly associated with streptococcal infections.
  • Calcific valve disease is identified as a risk factor for infective endocarditis.