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Vitamin D and its receptor during late development.

D Goltzman1, G N Hendy1, J H White1

  • 1Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A1, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A1, Canada.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|June 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) system is crucial for mineral homeostasis, bone development, and immune function after birth. Its role in fetal development and autoimmunity requires further investigation.

Keywords:
1,25(OH)(2)D/VDR systemCalciumFGF23PTHVitamin Dc-MYC

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed widely, with expression levels varying by developmental stage.
  • The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]/VDR system is primarily involved in post-natal mineral and skeletal homeostasis.
  • VDR's functions extend beyond mineral balance, influencing skin and immune cell activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the multifaceted roles of the 1,25(OH)2D/VDR system in animal development.
  • To highlight the VDR's impact on skeletal homeostasis, skin biology, and immune modulation.
  • To discuss the ligand-dependent and independent activities of VDR.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on VDR function during animal development.
  • Analysis of VDR's role in regulating gene expression related to calcium transport and bone metabolism.
  • Examination of VDR's influence on Wnt, BMP, c-MYC, and MAD1/MXD1 signaling pathways.
  • Investigation of VDR's impact on innate immune cells and immunological status.

Main Results:

  • The 1,25(OH)2D/VDR system is essential for intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization post-natally.
  • It regulates calcium and phosphorus homeostasis through interactions with parathyroid hormone and FGF23.
  • VDR modulates bone formation and resorption, influences hair cycling via Wnt/BMP signaling, and affects skin cell proliferation.
  • The VDR system can promote a tolerogenic immune state, potentially impacting inflammation and autoimmunity.

Conclusions:

  • The 1,25(OH)2D/VDR system plays a vital role in post-natal skeletal and mineral homeostasis.
  • VDR's ligand-independent and dependent activities significantly impact skin biology and immune responses.
  • Further research is needed to clarify VDR's role in fetal development and its precise influence on autoimmunity.