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Related Concept Videos

Sanger Sequencing01:57

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues
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Would Fred Sanger get funded today?

Stanley Fields1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genome Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 fields@uw.edu.

Genetics
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fred Sanger

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Fred Sanger's pioneering work in protein and nucleic acid sequencing revolutionized biological research.
  • His innovative technologies led to two Nobel Prizes, highlighting his significant contributions.
  • Concerns exist about whether modern grant review processes would favor Sanger's research approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Fred Sanger's research productivity within the context of current scientific funding standards.
  • To explore how a National Institutes of Health study section might assess a DNA sequencing proposal from Sanger.
  • To identify potential lessons from Sanger's career for improving the grant review system.

Main Methods:

  • Hypothetical scenario analysis of a Sanger DNA sequencing proposal.
  • Examination of historical research productivity metrics.
  • Comparative analysis of past and present grant review criteria.

Main Results:

  • Sanger's focused, high-impact approach might be perceived as low productivity by current standards.
  • The study section might question the novelty or scope of a Sanger proposal based on contemporary metrics.
  • His career trajectory suggests a potential mismatch with current grant review emphasis on high-throughput or broad productivity.

Conclusions:

  • The current grant review process may not adequately recognize or support foundational, paradigm-shifting research.
  • Lessons from Sanger's career highlight the need for flexibility and broader criteria in evaluating scientific proposals.
  • Revising grant review processes could better foster groundbreaking discoveries akin to Sanger's achievements.