Efficacy and safety of a urate lowering regimen in primary gout

Pharmacologic urate lowering therapy (ULT), at full maintenance doses, has been associated with acute gout arthritis (in up to 80% of patients). The American College of Rheumatology has recently advocated gradually titrating the maintenance dose upward to chosen serum urate target. Few studies have examined the efficacy and safety of a ULT in primary gout.

The ULT regimen examined included allopurinol (50 mg/day, with increases of 50 mg/month up to 300 mg/day) and colchicine, as prophylaxis to prevent acute gouty attacks. The efficacy and safety of this regimen was examined in 42 patients in whom allopurinol was withheld for ≥3 months and restarted after this assessment and followed up for 12 months. The efficacy and safety of the ULT regimen was related to the serum urate decrease and to the incidence of acute gout flares, respectively.

Fifty-nine patients (mean age 59 years, 56 men) with primary gout received the gradually titrated ULT regimen. Baseline serum urate was (mean±SD) 8.4±0.8 mg/dL. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months serum urate fell by a mean of 1.8, 2.5, 2.7, and 2.5 mg/dL, respectively (p<0.001). A serum urate level<6.0 mg/dL was achieved by 38/59 (64%) patients. During the 12 months following the start of the ULT we documented 10 acute arthritis episodes (17% of patients).

A gradually titrated hypouricemic regimen for 6 months in patients with primary gout appears to be effective and safe.