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Published on: December 4, 2020
Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy with recurrent urinary tract infections: a case report
Hiroaki Kanai1, Hiroki Sato, Yoshichika Takei
1Department of Pediatrics, Suwa Central Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
Insights
Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy typically presents with mild infections. This case highlights recurrent urinary tract infections in an infant, emphasizing prompt diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic selection for better outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy (ANI) is a condition characterized by low neutrophil counts but typically mild infections.
- Severe bacterial infections are rare in ANI, but urinary tract infections (UTIs) can occur.
Abstract:
Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy is characterized by minor intercurrent infections despite severe neutropenia; severe bacterial infections are uncommon. An infant developed recurrent urinary tract infections at 9 and 11 months of age. The identified uropathogens were Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. Empirical treatment with carbapenems, as broad-spectrum antibiotics, promptly resolved the infection without sequelae. Febrile neutropenic children with cancer and autoimmune neutropenia can develop urinary tract infections; therefore, in such infants, urine culture should be obtained through catheterization. In febrile neutropenic infants with no apparent fever source, cephalosporin monotherapy should not be selected empirically because Enterococci can be the involved pathogens.
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