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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

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Clinical application of growth factors and cytokines in wound healing

Stephan Barrientos1, Harold Brem, Olivera Stojadinovic

  • 1Division of Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Winthrop University Hospital/Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Mineola, New York.

Wound Repair and Regeneration : Official Publication of the Wound Healing Society [And] the European Tissue Repair Society
|June 20, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Growth factors and cytokines are key to wound healing. While therapies show promise for chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcers, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Wound healing is a complex biological process involving cells, growth factors, and cytokines.
  • Nonhealing wounds (e.g., diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers) present a significant clinical challenge.
  • Therapeutic applications of growth factors for wound management have been investigated for two decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of growth factors and cytokines in managing nonhealing wounds.
  • To analyze currently approved and emerging therapies.
  • To identify future research directions in wound healing.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a literature search of Medline/PubMed.
  • Critically analyzed studies on growth factors and cytokines in wound management.
  • Focused on therapies for pressure ulcers, chronic venous ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers.

Main Results:

  • Discussed four key growth factors/cytokines: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor.
  • Noted encouraging but preliminary clinical results for growth factor therapies.
  • Identified limitations including small sample sizes and disparate endpoints in existing studies.

Conclusions:

  • Growth factors and cytokines show therapeutic potential for chronic wound healing.
  • Current evidence is limited by study design and data variability.
  • Further rigorous research is necessary to establish definitive efficacy and optimize treatment protocols.

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