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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells
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Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

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The primary nitrate response: a multifaceted signalling pathway.

Anna Medici1, Gabriel Krouk2

  • 1Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex, France.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|June 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitrate (NO3(-)) application significantly impacts plant gene expression, a process known as the Primary Nitrate Response (PNR). This study reveals PNR is complex and not a single pathway, using meta-analysis to explore its genome-wide effects.

Keywords:
CHL1/NRT1.1 mutationsLBD37/38NLP7Primary Nitrate Response (PNR).nitrate (NO3–)nutritional environment

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Nutrient signaling pathways
  • Genomics and transcriptomics

Background:

  • Nitrate (NO3(-)) is a key nutrient influencing plant growth and adaptation.
  • Nitrate assimilation triggers significant changes in plant gene expression, termed the Primary Nitrate Response (PNR).
  • The precise molecular mechanisms and scope of PNR remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the complex concepts and molecular components governing the Primary Nitrate Response (PNR).
  • To investigate the genome-wide transcriptional effects associated with key regulators of nitrate signaling.
  • To determine if the PNR pathway is monolithic or comprises diverse regulatory modules.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual analysis of PNR.
  • Meta-analysis of gene expression data in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Examination of genome-wide expression changes related to specific genetic manipulations (LBD37/38 overexpression, NLP7/CHL1 mutations).

Main Results:

  • The Primary Nitrate Response (PNR) is a complex regulatory network, not a single, unified pathway.
  • Nitrate application can affect a substantial portion (up to 10%) of the plant genome.
  • Specific genes like LBD37, LBD38, NLP7, and CHL1/NRT1.1 play critical roles in mediating genome-wide responses to nitrate.

Conclusions:

  • The PNR is a multifaceted process involving intricate regulatory interactions.
  • Understanding the PNR is crucial for plant adaptation to varying nutritional environments.
  • Further research into specific molecular components will elucidate plant nitrate signaling.