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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
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Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
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Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
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Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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Cardiovascular disease and thyroid function.

Jens Faber1, Christian Selmer

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine O, Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.

Frontiers of Hormone Research
|June 20, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subclinical thyroid dysfunction significantly impacts heart health, increasing risks for cardiovascular events and mortality. Subclinical hyperthyroidism poses a greater cardiac risk than subclinical hypothyroidism, influencing treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones critically influence cardiac function, with both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism affecting cardiovascular health.
  • Existing research links overt thyroid dysfunction to increased mortality and cardiovascular events.
  • The impact of subclinical thyroid states on cardiac morbidity and mortality requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cardiac implications of subclinical thyroid dysfunction.
  • To compare the cardiovascular risks associated with subclinical hyperthyroidism versus subclinical hypothyroidism.
  • To inform treatment decisions for subclinical thyroid states based on cardiac risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on thyroid function and cardiac outcomes.
  • Analysis of cardiovascular risks, including mortality, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure, across the spectrum of thyroid function.
  • Evaluation of cardiac structural and functional changes associated with subclinical thyroid states.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism is linked to increased left ventricular mass and higher risks of mortality and major cardiovascular events.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with increased cardiac stiffness and a potential increase in myocardial infarction risk.
  • Atrial fibrillation risk correlates with thyroid function, increasing from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions:

  • Subclinical thyroid states (dysthyroidism) adversely affect cardiac function, morbidity, and mortality.
  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism presents a more significant cardiac risk profile than subclinical hypothyroidism.
  • These findings suggest a more aggressive treatment approach for subclinical hyperthyroidism to mitigate cardiac risks.