Adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation in cardiovascular disease
Nina Wronkowitz1, Tania Romacho, Henrike Sell
1Paul Langerhans Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Frontiers of Hormone Research
|June 20, 2014
Summary
Adipose tissue, once seen as passive, is an endocrine organ. Obesity disrupts its function, releasing mediators that increase cardiovascular disease risk, but some adipokines offer protection.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Cardiovascular Science
Background:
- Adipose tissue (AT) is now recognized as an endocrine organ secreting mediators impacting metabolism and inflammation.
- Obesity-induced AT dysfunction and chronic inflammation contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
- Dysfunctional adipokines secreted by AT affect multiple tissues, influencing systemic health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore novel adipokines linked to CVD, including soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4, visfatin, and lipocalin-2.
- To review recent findings on cardioprotective adipokines: omentin and apelin.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on adipokines and their role in cardiovascular health.
- Focus on specific pro-inflammatory and cardioprotective adipokines.
Main Results:
- Novel adipokines like soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4, visfatin, and lipocalin-2 are implicated in CVD development.
- Omentin and apelin show potential cardioprotective effects.
Conclusions:
- Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity is a significant contributor to cardiovascular risk via altered adipokine secretion.
- Further research into specific adipokines may reveal new therapeutic targets for CVD.
More Related Videos
06:35Author Spotlight: Insights into Cardiometabolic Diseases with Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Microvasculature Studies
Published on: April 5, 2024
1.8K
08:41Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues
Published on: June 3, 2019
9.5K
Related Concept Videos
01:30Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction
656
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
656
01:38Inflammation
46.3K
Overview
46.3K
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
1.8K
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
1.8K
01:26Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology
1.1K
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
1.1K
01:29Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation
2.0K
Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
Considering cholesterol and...
2.0K
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
23
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
23