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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

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The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Regulation of Food Intake01:30

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

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Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
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Hormonal Regulation01:40

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
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Ghrelin and the cardiovascular system.

Takeshi Tokudome1, Ichiro Kishimoto, Mikiya Miyazato

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Suita, Japan.

Frontiers of Hormone Research
|June 20, 2014
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Summary

Ghrelin, a stomach-derived peptide, shows therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases. Studies indicate ghrelin administration improves cardiac function, reduces mortality after myocardial infarction, and benefits patients with heart failure and COPD.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Ghrelin is a peptide hormone primarily produced in the stomach.
  • It is known for its potent growth hormone (GH)-releasing and appetite-stimulating effects.
  • Ghrelin has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for various cardiovascular conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the therapeutic benefits of ghrelin in cardiovascular disease.
  • To explore ghrelin's effects on cardiac function, remodeling, and related conditions.
  • To summarize evidence supporting ghrelin as a novel cardiovascular therapeutic.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal models and human studies investigating ghrelin's cardiovascular effects.
  • Analysis of ghrelin's impact on heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and myocardial infarction.
  • Examination of ghrelin's influence on cachectic patients with COPD.

Main Results:

  • Ghrelin administration improved cardiac function and remodeling in heart failure models and patients.
  • Ghrelin reduced pulmonary hypertension in animal studies.
  • Early ghrelin administration post-myocardial infarction decreased fatal arrhythmias and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Ghrelin demonstrates significant protective effects against cardiovascular diseases.
  • Its benefits may stem from direct physiological actions and autonomic nervous system regulation.
  • Ghrelin represents a promising therapeutic candidate for cardiovascular disease treatment.